Blood analysis, general blood analysis, Laboratory analysis, How to perform a general blood analysis, Analysis

Blood test

The first step in keeping track of our health is a Complete Blood Count test. The characteristics of our blood, which is a serious component for our body, will give us the most enlightening information on this subject.

• Complete blood count, CBC, Hemogram, Differential and CBC is a test also known as TKS.
• The Complete Blood Count test is commonly used as a screening test to monitor for anemia, infection, and many other diseases.
• Unless there is an underlying deficiency (vitamin B12 or folate deficiency and iron deficiency anemia), the number and characteristics of our cells included in the blood count are generally unaffected by lifestyle changes.
• That is, there is no way that the patient can directly increase the number of leukocytes or change the shape of his erythrocytes.

What diseases is a general blood test used for?

A complete blood count is a very common test. Many patients will first be questioned with this test to determine their general health status. Healthy people with normal cell distribution do not need repeat CBCs until there is a change in their health or until the doctor deems it necessary.

• However, if we notice symptoms such as fatigue and weakness, or if there is infection, inflammation, bruising, or bleeding, our doctor may order a CBC to question the cause. If there is a significant increase in the number of white blood cells (leukocytes), this will help confirm the presence of infection.
• Of course, further tests may be needed to determine the cause.
• On the other hand, a decrease in the number of red blood cells (erythrocytes) (anemia) can be due to reasons such as decreased production, increased loss, or increased destruction of erythrocytes.
• A low or extremely high platelet count can confirm the cause of excessive bleeding or clotting and may be associated with bone marrow diseases such as leukemia.
• Many conditions will cause an increase or decrease in the distribution of cells in our blood. Some of these conditions require treatment, while others resolve on their own. Some diseases, such as cancer (and chemotherapy treatment), can affect the production of cells in the bone marrow; This can lead to an increase in the production of one cell type at the expense of others, or a decrease in the production of all cells. Although some medications can reduce the number of white blood cells, some vitamin and mineral deficiencies can cause anemia. A full blood count may be ordered regularly by your doctor to monitor these conditions and medication.

The result page contains a number of sub-parameters that are presented to you after passing the test. Each of these sub-parameters is of great importance in the evaluation of your biological system and will give your doctor a chance to make a detailed inquiry and assessment. These sub-parameters are distributed as follows:

• The white blood cell count (WBC / white blood cell) is the number of white blood cells in a unit volume of blood. Both increases and decreases can be significant.
• Subtypes of white blood cells refer to the types of white blood cells present. There are five different types of white blood cells;
• neutrophils (also known as segmented, segmented, PMN (polymorphonuclear), granulocytes)
• lymphocytes
• monocytes
• eosinophils
• base filler
• Hemoglobin measures the amount of oxygen-carrying protein in the blood.
• Hematocrit measures the ratio of whole blood to red blood cells in a given volume.

The red blood cell (erythrocyte/red blood cell) count is the number of red blood cells in a unit volume of blood. Both increase and decrease can indicate an abnormal condition.
In addition to the numerical value of erythrocytes, the structural characteristics are also important. Information about this is below;

Laboratory analysis

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is the average size of erythrocytes. When erythrocytes are more than normal (macrocytic), MCV is elevated; for example, in anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency. When MCV is reduced, erythrocytes are smaller than normal (microcytic); as seen in iron deficiency anemia or thalassemia.

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) is a measure of the oxygen-carrying capacity of erythrocytes. Large (macrocytic) erythrocytes have high MCH, and small (microcytic) erythrocytes have low MCH values.

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) is a calculation of the average hemoglobin in an erythrocyte. Decreased MCHC values (hypochromia) are observed in cases where the amount of hemoglobin in erythrocytes decreases, such as iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia. Increased MCHC values (hyperchromia) are observed in burns and in conditions where hemoglobin is abnormally concentrated in the erythrocyte, such as hereditary (hereditary) spherocytosis, a rarer congenital disease.

• Erythrocyte distribution width (RDW) is a calculation of the variation in erythrocyte size.
• In some anemias, for example, in pernicious anemia, a change in erythrocyte size (anisocytosis) (with a change in shape-poikilocytosis-) leads to an increase in RDW.
• Platelet count is the number of platelets in a certain volume of blood.
• Both an increase and a decrease can indicate abnormal conditions related to bleeding or clotting.
• Mean platelet volume (MPV) is the calculated average size of platelets.
• New platelets are larger and an increase in MPV occurs when platelet production increases.
• MPV tells your doctor about your bone marrow platelet production.

How is a general blood test performed?

Internal Diseases (Internal Diseases) After the doctor's order, a blood sample is taken from a vein in your arm, a fingertip, a vein in your hand, and in the case of newborn babies, a special tube is taken from the heel area. When taking a blood sample, the patient is sitting or lying down. The point from which the blood will be taken is based on a solid place. Blood is not drawn from a standing patient or from an unsupported point. If blood is to be taken from the arm, it is fixed with a tourniquet 10-15 cm above the elbow bend. It does not matter from which arm or hand the blood is drawn. If arm veins are not suitable, upper arm or leg veins can also be used. The place where the blood will be taken is wiped with a special solution. This solution is allowed to dry and the removed area is not touched. The appropriate vein is inserted with a prepared, sterile, dry and disposable syringe. An angle of 15 degrees between the injector and the sleeve should be observed. In visible veins, the vein is inserted 5-6 mm away from the vein. The piston between the injector and the lever is slowly pulled. Blood is filled into the tube. Since the tube used is a vacuum, the blood automatically fills the tube. Before removing the needle from the patient, a tourniquet is opened on the arm, the needle is removed, and then pressure is applied to the bleeding point with a dry cotton swab for 10 minutes.

• The reason for applying pressure is to stop the bleeding and prevent bruising of the blood draw point.
• The patient should be informed that pressure should be applied to the site of blood sampling.
• The reason for applying pressure is to stop the bleeding and prevent bruising of the blood draw point.
• The patient should be informed that pressure should be applied to the site of blood sampling.
• The reason for applying pressure is to stop the bleeding and prevent bruising of the blood draw point.
• The patient should be informed that pressure should be applied to the site of blood sampling.

Analysis

This gives us very valuable information in determining the overall health of our body.
On the other hand, this test will also be done to screen and monitor various diseases such as anemia.
When should a complete blood count be taken?
We use it as part of a medical test in our daily general assessment. On the other hand, this test is also done when prescribed by your doctor.
Analysis result
The test result can be affected by various factors, such as the working principle of the device, the person's daily water intake, the position and duration of lying or standing. The results of the analyzes may change as the people who will have their blood taken during the day are more active. People living at high altitude also differ in some values. In addition, significant physiological changes, such as being in the process of menstruating or being in the first days after menstruation and pregnancy, will also make a difference in the results. For these reasons, we recommend that you tell your doctor about these conditions before having a complete blood count.

How is a complete blood count reported?

• What is WBC? Interprets the number of white blood cells.
• What is RBC? Interprets the number of red blood cells.
• What is HGB? Interprets the hemoglobin count.
• What is HCT? It gives the percentage of the total volume of red blood cells in the blood.
• What is MCV? This means the average size of a red blood cell.
• What is MCH? Determines the amount of hemoglobin in each red blood cell.
• What is MCHC? This is the weight of hemoglobin in each red blood cell.
• What is PLT? tr that allows blood to clot
• What is RDW? It shows the differences in the patient's different red blood cell sizes.
• What is PDW? It indicates the distribution width of platelets.
• What is an MPV? Indicates platelet size

For example, if HGB is low, conditions such as anemia, blood loss, leukemia, lymphoma, and hemolysis can be diagnosed. High HGB indicates smoking and excessive fluid loss. Elevation of WBC helps to recognize types of leukemia and infections. Elevated PLT can indicate certain types of cancer, iron deficiency anemia, and whether it occurs after spleen surgery. Decreased PLT, diopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, disseminated intravascular coagulation (depletion of platelets after overuse) may describe diseases related to the spleen.

Yes is required. Thanks to this, infection, anemia, and bleeding disorders can be determined.
In addition, childhood cancers should be diagnosed and followed up.
In addition, even if there is no problem, a complete blood test should be performed in children for routine control.
As a result of each blood test, each parameter has a different meaning.
These settings can be low or high.
A reference range is defined in each test. Factors such as age and gender are also taken into account when evaluating the test.